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OSI Model
| English | Description | Protocols | Devices | Deutsch |
| 8 User Layer | provides different users to the computer | Intelligence, Knowhow, Awareness | Humans Beings | 8 Benutzerschicht |
| 7 Application Layer | provides different services to the applications | FTP, SMTP, HTTP, Telnet, VT, SNMP, FTAM, NFS, TFTP, BOOTP, RLOGIN, MIME, FINGER, APPC, SMB | Gateway, Redirector | 7 Anwendungsschicht |
| 6 Presentation Layer | converts the information and code | NCP, AFP, LU 6.2, ASN.1 | Gateway, Redirector | 6 Praesentationsschicht |
| 5 Session Layer | handles problems (no communication issues) | SAP, RPC, DNS, Named Pipes, Mail Slots | Gateway | 5 Sitzungsschicht |
| 4 Transport Layer | provides end to end communication control | TCP, UDP, SSL, NetBEUI, DLC, ATP, NBP, TP4 | Gateway, adv. Cable Tester, Brouter | 4 Transportschicht |
| 3 Network Layer | routes the information in the network | IP, IPX, DDP, ES-IS, BGP, RIP, OSPF, DECnet, NWLink, ICMP, IGMP | Brouter, Router, Frame Relay Device, ATM Switch, adv. Cable Tester | 3 Netzwerkschicht |
| 2 Data Link Layer | provides error control (LLC + MAC) | 802.3/4/5/12, SDC, LAPB, HDLC, ARP, RARP | Bridge, Switch, ISDN Router, intelligent Hub, adv. Cable Tester | 2 Sicherungsschicht |
| 1 Physical Layer | connects the entity to the transmission media | Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ISDN, RS-232/-449, ISO 2110 | Repeater, Multiplexer, Hubs, TDR, Oscilloscope, Amplifier, NIC | 1 Bituebertragungsschicht |